Rome’s Decline

Test Essay October 3, 2012 Question: â€Å"What were the principle factors in Rome’s decrease? Which do you judge as the most significant? Why? † When we hear the word â€Å"Rome,† an extremely positive picture rings a bell. We see a solid military vanquishing a greater part of the antiquated Mediterranean world, Julius Caesar sitting on his seat, driving Rome to more current statures every day, and the most noteworthy, most inventive new innovation being put to use as Rome becomes more grounded and more grounded. Rome was an exceptionally effective development, as it kept going from 100 BC to 476 AD.For a multi year length, called the Pax Romana, exchange, diversion, the economy, and generally speaking fulfillment expanded. This was a period of harmony. Shockingly, in light of various adversities, for example, power battles, expansion, military uprisings, and remote intrusions, even the strong Roman human progress reached a conclusion. Force battle was a signifi cant clash of Rome. After the Pax Romana, whose last ruler was Marcus Aurelius, sovereigns were persistently ousted and killed.This was such an issue, that during one multi year time span, 26 heads administered and either surrendered or were killed. Out of those 26, only one kicked the bucket of a characteristic demise. In view of the consistent difference in rulers, the lords lost the help of the residents, since the sovereigns they were faithful to didn't stay in power. The breakdown in legislative issues was the initial step to the fall of Rome. The monetary decrease was the second means to the fall of Rome. Huge assessments were set up to help and reserve the military due to corruptness.Because of this, a substantial weight was set upon businesspeople and ranchers. With most of their pay heading off to the enormous charges, ranchers were monetarily battling. They could no longer bear the cost of their property, so they had to leave and work for enormous landowners. Cash step by step began losing its worth, and swelling happened. The third step in the Roman decay was the military uprisings. On account of the steady change in heads, various gatherings in the military felt faithful to various rulers.This caused the military split and regularly defy one another. The military turned out to be so debilitated and tumultuous that heads started to employ hired soldiers. The last advance in Rome’s decrease was the outside intrusions from Germanic Tribes. Incredible Britain, Spain, and France were the first of the Roman domains to be given up. Rome itself was not long after, and it was clear that the biggest and most impressive domain on the planet at the opportunity had arrived to an end. Rome was no more.

How to Use the Internet as a Reporting Tool

Instructions to Use the Internet as a Reporting Tool At the danger of seeming like an old fogey, let me clarify what it resembled to be a columnist in the prior days googling was an action word. In those days, correspondents were relied upon to locate their own sources and meeting them, either face to face or via telephone (recall, before the web, we didnt even have email). Furthermore, on the off chance that you required foundation material for a story, you checked the papers mortuary, where cuts from past issues were kept in file organizers. Or on the other hand you counseled things like reference books. These days, obviously, that is all antiquated history. With the snap of a mouse or a tap on a cell phone, writers approach practically boundless measures of data on the web. Be that as it may, interestingly, a significant number of the hopeful correspondents I find in my news-casting classes dont appear to realize how to properly utilize the web as a revealing device. Here are three primary issues I see: Depending Too Heavily on Material From the Web This is presumably the most well-known Internet-related revealing issue I see. I require understudies in my news-casting courses to create articles that are at any rate 500 words, and each semester a couple submit stories that just repeat data from an assortment of sites. In any case, there are in any event two issues that emerge from this. In the first place, youre not doing any of your own unique revealing, so youre not getting significant preparing in directing meetings. Second, you risk submitting copyright infringement, the cardinal sin in news-casting. Data taken from the web ought to be a supplement to, however not a substitute for, your own unique detailing. Whenever an understudy writer puts his byline on an article being submitted to his educator or the understudy paper, the supposition that will be that the story depends for the most part on his own work. By turning in something that is to a great extent duplicated off the web or not credited appropriately, you are deceiving yourself out of significant exercises and risking getting a F for counterfeiting. Utilizing the Internet Too Little At that point there are understudies who have the contrary issue - they neglect to utilize the web when it could give helpful foundation data to their accounts. Lets state an understudy columnist is doing an article about how rising gas costs are influencing workers at her school. She talks with a lot of understudies, getting heaps of episodic data about how the value rise impacts them. In any case, a story like this likewise shouts out for setting and foundation data. For example, what's going on in worldwide oil showcases that are causing the cost increment? What is the normal cost of gas the nation over, or in your state? That is the sort of data that can without much of a stretch be discovered on the web and would be superbly fitting to utilize. Its praiseworthy that this columnist is depending for the most part on her own meetings, yet shes scamming herself by disregarding data from the web that could make her article all the more balanced. Neglecting to Properly Attribute Information Taken From the Web Regardless of whether you are utilizing on the web sources a ton or only a little, its critical you in every case appropriately property the data you use from any site. Any information, measurements, foundation data or statements that you havent assembled yourself must be credited to the site it originated from. Luckily, theres nothing confounded about appropriate attribution. For example, on the off chance that you are utilizing some data taken from The New York Times, just compose something like, as indicated by The New York Times, or The New York Times reported†¦ This presents another issue: Which sites are solid enough for a columnist to utilize, and which destinations would it be a good idea for her to avoid? Luckily, Ive composed an article on that very point, which you can discover here. The lesson of this story? The main part of any article you do ought to be founded on your own announcing and talking. In any case, whenever you are doing a story that could be improved with foundation data on the web, at that point, definitely, utilize such data. Simply make a point to appropriately characteristic it.

what work is

what work is the work of not working this is going to be a challenging semester for me, but not in the conventional sense. im insanely comfortable working a lot, working hard, working with my head in a book, working late at night, working, working, working. im trying to challenge myself to do a different type of work this semesterthe work of being present and focused, of using my body and my voice, of taking care of myselfthings i am not so good at and that i can usually get away with neglecting. this is work that i do not expect to get paid for or graded on; its work that im doing so i can get back to the place where i approach the days of my life with joy and curiosity and energy, which, for me, is so much harder than doing my work. this means letting my body sleep when its tired, even if its 10pm and i feel silly going to bed in case something else happens; this means taking vitamins and prying myself away from my computer screen when even i feel like im on a roll and energetic and productive (especially when i feel productive) because i have a tendency to over-exert myself and burn out. its lucky, then, that im taking the class MAS.756, Principles of Awareness, this semester (with Joi Ito, who directs the MIT Media Lab, and The Venerable Tenzin Priyadarshi, who directs The Dalai Lama Center for Ethics and Transformative Values at MIT). one of the requirements of this class is to notice something new every day. we are learning to notice and to contemplate. its hard for me to really wrap my head around the idea of learning without structure, but im excited to see how the rest of the semester unfolds. the work of waiting four years ago, like many of you, i was waiting on college admissions decisions. today i am waiting on grad school decisions, which is feels a little more nerve-wracking because i have no idea what days/times theyre going to be released but also a little less nerve-wracking because i feel that i have backup options. aaaaahhhh! i thought i had mostly made peace with the uncertainty, but all my emotions are heightened as decision days draw closer. im mostly trying to get on with my life and focus on staying healthy, but ive definitely stopped and freaked out a few times. grad school has been a dream of mine for so long, and im excited and terrified to see where the chips will fall in the next few weeks. ive spent the past few years as an admissions blogger reminding applicants that admissions committees decisions are not value judgmentstheyre not meant to tell you whether the way you spent the past few years of your life is good enough or whether you as a person are smart enough or useful enoughand now i find that im the one who needs to be reminded. a happy moment in market design i dont know anything about astronomy, but i figured it was something id always wanted to learn more about, so i registered for 12.402, Intro to Astronomy (with Anna Frebel, who studies the early universe, works on discovering the oldest stars in the universe, and is a funny and endearing lecturer). its a freshman class, but i thought it was super cool, and i briefly freaked out about the possibility that i would have decided to become an astronomer had i taken this class freshman year. i worried that i spent too much of my earlier years laser-focused on getting my math and economics degrees done that i missed out on finding my true calling, which, of course, was to become an astronomer. then, on wednesday, i went to 14.19, Market Design, and i was reassured. it was in a cramped, too-warm room, but the professor (Parag Pathak, who does some very cool work on school assignment systems and who also gives a mean lecture) started talking about kidney auctions and school choice and stable marriage, and i suddenly didnt mind anymore. i briefly considered dropping all my non-course 14 classes and replacing them with the econ courses i wont get to take, but i stopped myself because that feels, in a way, like the easy way outits easier for me to do psets and take partial derivatives and run regressions, harder to step out of my skin and speak loudly and stand behind my ideas. im spending more time away from the department this semester to get better at presentations and teamwork and managing my health, but i hope i never stop having these small moments that remind me of why i want to be an economist. some (of my) poetry i took 21W.762, Poetry Workshop, last semester. this is a couplet that im proud of: We’re at a party that’s not the right party, But it’s bright and loud and enough, for now. some more (not-my) poetry; the work of love the title of this blog post refers to the poem What Work Is by Philip Levine. its a poem that is about love as work, that juxtaposes the work of love with the work that we do to enable the things that we love. it snowed in boston this week, and i thought of this poem as i ran late to class and tried not to slip on slush. Post Tagged #21W.762 Poetry Workshop #Course 14 - Economics #MIT Media Lab

Career Objectives Of Queens Executive Mba - 1385 Words

U of C: A written statement outlining - Career objectives and - Learning objectives. Queen’s: A cover letter outlining - Current responsibilities and assignments, - Career accomplishments, - Reasons for applying to Queen s Executive MBA, and - Professional and - Personal goals. I want to earn the MBA so I can - Have better career prospects - Earn more money - Secure my career - Finish what I wanted to accomplish 20 years ago, to serve my country, - Align my skills with the appropriate credentials - Open up my career choices - Challenge myself with intellectual activities - Spark my interest with something challenging and feel motivated again - Get back to the Corporate world - Chose the company I want to work for and the work I†¦show more content†¦Train with the best, large corporation.Guidelines - What is my story (what’s unique about me) - Support my statement with examples, always. - Be concise - Use â€Å"I†, don’t be funny, don’t capitalize everything - A paragraph after 6 lines. - Grammar and spelling: â€Å"the Elements of Style† by Strunk. Why U of C or Queen? Show I have done my homework about the why I pick this organization. What I am going to add to the program? University of Calgary Career Objectives and Learning Objectives Introduction I have been considering joining an EMBA for many years and I am very excited to have finally made the decision and applied to the Alberta Haskayne executive MBA program. Add something about being in Calgary and wanting to stay in Calgary. I have almost 20 years of experience in Supply Chain out of which 12 at Director level in the Hi-Tech industry. My core area of expertise is Procurement but I have also taken on more responsibilities over the years to manage Planning, Warehousing, Logistics and Distribution. I have dealt with complex supply chains in North America, Europe (East/West), Latin America and I had extensive activities in Asia. Career Objectives Short term goals My short-term career objective is focused on developing management consulting capabilities. I started as a consultant in 2013 and developed the first documented end-to-end Operating Model for our company. The approach I took and the methodology I created are now used by all

Essay on The Effects Of Britan On The Colonies During...

nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Between the settlement of Jamestown in 1607 and the Treaty of Paris in 1763, the most important change that occurred in the colonies was the emergence of a society quite different from that in England. Changes in religion, economics, politics, and social structure illustrate this Americanization of the transplanted Europeans. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;By 1763 although some colonies still maintained established churches, other colonies had accomplished a virtual revolution for religious toleration and separation of church and state. The British, after many years of religious revolution had established the Anglican Church. In which the king of England was the head of this church. This resulted in almost no†¦show more content†¦The northern colonies developed many trade triangles. One such triangle would be a northern captain setting out from New England with rum. This ship would then sail to the west coast of Africa and trade the rum for slaves. The captain would of course reek a handsome profit and with those slaves he would then take them to the West Indies to trade them for molasses. He then take the molasses and what was left of the slaves and sell them back in the colonies. This left the Northern colonies much richer than the southern colonies. The main reason for this difference is that Britai n had always thought that the amount of money in the treasury is how powerful you were. The Americans thought that the more money you make the better off you were. It generally hinged on how much needed resources you wanted to own. The Americans saw past that and expanded heavily on trade. Therefore they could make more money. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Building on English foundations of political liberty, the colonist extend the concepts of liberty and self-government far beyond those envisioned in the mother country. Although Britain had a representative government they had a monarchy, sort of. Still even though they had a representative government the members of parliament were not directly chosen by the people. In Virginia, in specific Jamestown, the House of Burgesses said that representatives were to be chosen by land owning people. Another good idea from the colonies was the

The Reality Of Reality Tv Essay - 1919 Words

This particular episode of Dancing with the Stars was scheduled on a Sunday, 7-8:35pm, TV3. As stated by Horrocks (2004), this time is during the prime viewing time, with substantial numbers of audience members watching television. According to Creeber (2008) the genre of reality TV is typically shaped by the weekend program, followed by results and elimination – hence, Dancing with the Stars has performances on Sunday and results of voting of Monday. As shown by Throng (2015), this episode, screened July 12, had 346,930 people watching with a potential audience share of 8.3% of total viewers watching TV at that time, which can be compared to the competition on other stations (Neilsen, 2015; Throng, 2015). TV One screened Sunday at 7-8pm (442, 700 viewers, 10.5% share of the total audience) followed by House Hunt 8-8:30pm (302,820 viewers, 7.2% share of the total TV audience) (Neilsen, 2015; Throng, 2015). TV One is aimed at older audiences, thus, viewers older than the key d emographic of Dancing with the Stars would most likely have watched TV One during this time. TV2 however, was in direct competition with TV3 during this time as it had a similar reality TV talent show screening – The Voice Australia (Neilsen, 2015). This show is aimed at a slightly younger demographic due to the target audience of TV2 being younger, however, because of the time slot and genre it is in competition with Dancing with the Stars (Neilsen, 2015). However, The Voice Australia, had only 188,450Show MoreRelatedThe Reality Of Reality Tv951 Words   |  4 Pages Reality TV and You Television shows were created to entertain the public and soon generalized shows became a bore. Reality TV shows are widely varied but are similarly based on the lives of non-fictional characters that brings out their daily challenges and achievements. This genre of TV programs gives a huge impact to its audience of, mostly, twelve to nineteen year olds. Critics and bloggers heavily criticize the negative teachings of Reality TV and indirectly force viewersRead MoreThe Reality Of Reality Tv Essay1601 Words   |  7 Pagesreasons. Reality TV is a common source of entertainment on various channels and media outlets. The purpose of reality TV is to â€Å"promise more drama, suspense, and laughter while pushing the envelope of what is morally and socially acceptable, funny, and, of course entertaining† (Glouner et al.). This type of media allows real people to connect to those on TV. Reality is not completely real, there are aspects of it that are scripted, rehearsed and complet ely altered (Crouch). Reality TV has existedRead MoreThe Reality Of Reality Tv908 Words   |  4 PagesToday’s audience grabs hold of reality TV now a day. Looking forward week to week to watch these unscripted real life situation shows. In a way it s becoming increasingly hard to avoid not watching. Some viewers see the TV show and tend to be attention seekers, and reality TV allows them to fantasize about achieving status through instant fame. Too much reality TV may lead viewers to idealize real world situations, like romanticizing dating. Like when Truman saw the girl in the library who was anRead MoreThe Reality Of Reality Tv991 Words   |  4 PagesI truly believe that reality TV needs a different name. At first reality TV was created with the aim to depict reality, but over time different interests and actions have resulted in doing the opposite of this. I would even go so far to say that reality TV has become just as fictional as fiction based television. â€Å"Reality† is defined as â€Å"the world or the state of things as they actually exist, as opposed to an idealistic or notional idea of them†. However, Reality TV in no way represents this definitionRead MoreThe Reality Of Reality Tv Essay2065 Words   |  9 Pagesis also generally known that children can be easily influenced by what they see on television. Reality TV is no exception to this rule. It may appear that reality TV is a benign phenomenon but it is in fact a virus that has quickly diseased our society. More specifically, it attracts girls most mercilessly by affecting them negatively as to how they perceive themselves. Indeed, girls who watch reality TV learn that deceit and meanness is normal behaviour in order to achieve success, begin to self-objectifyRead MoreReality Tv1014 Words   |  5 PagesReality TV Blake Brandt Reality TV has unseen effects and is detrimental to society. Reality TV is the current trend on TV that has brought back the buzz to television, but it also has unforeseen effects on its viewers. Some examples of Reality TV shows include: American Idol, The Bachelorette, Americas next top model, fear factor, etc...These shows range from singing talents, overcome their fears, to looks and beauty. Reality TV brings drama and voyeurism to its viewers by making its viewersRead MoreReality Tv1076 Words   |  5 Pagesmedia, reality TV stars like Snooki and Kim Kardashian are on the rise. Most channels on television have at least one reality show, from following housewives to remodeling homes of real life families. However, there are some reality programs that display bad examples, especially for young audiences that are keeping up with each episode. On MTV people see girls being drunk in public, addicts doing drugs, and young girls raising babies at young ages; these are situations seen on reality TV shows. JeremyRead MoreReality Tv869 Words   |  4 PagesRUNNING HEAD: Reality Television, why? Reality Television, why do we watch these shows? Norma Gallegos ENGL122 Allorah Wyman Feb 4, 2013 Reality Television As a child growing up watching televisionRead MoreReality Tv1784 Words   |  8 Pagesthing they do is turn on the television set. According to a survey done by Emory H. Woodard and Natalia Grindina, â€Å"on average, people are watching over 51 hours of television- that is five hours a day of TV on average for the last quarter of the year. Teenagers (12 to 17) spend 103 hours watching TV a month, whereas senior citizens (65 or older) spend 207 hours†(Media in the home) With the slumping economy, people are forced to stay at home to conserve resources. Although there are plenty of economicalRead More Reality TV Essay1074 Words   |  5 Pages Reality TV: The Rise of a New Show â€Å"The Contender† nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;One of the newest shows to hit the vast majority of reality TV shows that already exist is The Contender. The Contender is a show that focuses on all the hardships, training, pain, and dilemmas that a boxer, who is preparing to fight, must endure. The Contender will be a very successful show, because it has the attributes of raw emotion that can’t be found when a director is yelling ‘action,’ and ‘cut.’ By raw emotion

Business Statistics for Financial Decision †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Business Statistics for Financial Decision. Answer: Introduction: The report analyses sales figures of Schmeckt Gut for the last 25years (1991-2015)and tries to forecast sales for the year2016. The first explanatory variable considers here is the Gross Domestic Product in US dollar capture the income development. The trend in prices is indicated in terms of average increase in the price index. Population is another important factor determined the sales of energy bar. The data on population for the age limit 15 to 65 years are studied. A survey is conducted to measure the level of satisfaction from the energy bar consumption. The satisfaction level is ranked from 0 to 10 where 0 implies not satisfied and 10 implies very satisfied. In order to promote products company makes advertisement. Advertisement of energy bars that is number of advertisement on an average. The last variable consideris the number of stores from where energy bars can be purchased. All the chosen explanatory variables are likely to have large influence on sales. Sales US$ Survey score Advertisement Stores Sales US$ 1 Survey score 0.588601019 1 Advertisement 0.986236917 0.54833082 1 Stores 0.971109284 0.52890297 0.970966786 1 The correlation matrix shows the correlation between sales and independent variables of satisfaction score, number of advertisement and number of stores. The correlation coefficient between sales and satisfaction score is 0.59. The positive correlation implies a positive relation between sales and survey score. The coefficient is high showing a strong correlation between the two variables. The correlation coefficient between Sales and number of advertisement is 0.99. A value of correlation coefficient close to 1 shows a perfect positive relation between the variables. The correlation matrix gives value of correlation coefficientequals to 0.9711. This value is also close to 1 implying perfect linear relationship between sales and stores. Time Series Regression Regression Statistics Multiple R 0.997898471 R Square 0.995801359 Adjusted R Square 0.994401812 Standard Error 0.020094198 Observations 25 ANOVA df SS MS F Significance F Regression 6 1.7238 0.2873 711.5169 0.0000 Residual 18 0.0073 0.0004 Total 24 1.7310 Coefficients Standard Error t Stat P-value Lower 95% Upper 95% Intercept 12.763 1.008 12.660 0.000 10.645 14.881 ln(GDP) 0.065 0.052 1.267 0.221 -0.043 0.173 ln(Price index) -0.131 0.017 -7.615 0.000 -0.167 -0.095 ln(Popualtion) -0.350 0.135 -2.586 0.019 -0.635 -0.066 ln(satisfaction) 0.084 0.025 3.413 0.003 0.032 0.136 ln (advertisement) 0.868 0.093 9.314 0.000 0.672 1.064 ln(Stores) 0.230 0.078 2.954 0.008 0.066 0.393 From the regression result the estimated equation is obtained as The coefficient of ln(GDP) is 0.065.The positive value of the coefficient implies a positive relation between sales and GDP. The variable is not statistically significant as the p value is 0.221, which is greater than the significance level of 5%. The coefficient of ln(Price Index) is -0.131. This indicates 1% increases in prices reduces sales by 0.13%. The variable is statistically significant as indicated by the significant p value of 0.000. The coefficient of ln(population) in -0.350. The unit increases in population aged between 15 to 65 years causes a decrease in sales by 0.35%. The variable ln(population) is statistically significant. The three remaining variables satisfaction score, number of advertisement and number of stores are significant determinant for sales of energy bars. These three variables have positive impact on sales. However, the highest effect is estimated for number of advertisement with coefficient value of 0.868, followed by number of stores and satisfaction score with estimated coefficient of 0.23 and 0.084. The following forecasts are given for the independent variables. Based on these information sales in 2016 can be predicted. If GDP grow by 2.5%, then GDP becomes Price index = 2%. Given population grows by 0.5 percent population in 2016 is Satisfaction score = 7.5 Number of advertisement = 18 Number of stores = 12 Taking the logarithm of each of the dependent variables and putting them in the estimated equation the sales of 2016 is predicted as Taking antilog, the predicted sales in 2016 is obtained as 1047387.7 Therefore, the approximate sale of Schmeckt Guts energy bars in 2016 is 1047387.7. Methods of forecasting The alternative forecasting techniques that can be applied are trend analysis and exponential smoothing. Trend analysis is a common forecasting technique used by business or other organization to predict the future outcome based on historical data. In statistics trend analysis captures the pattern of time series behavior. Regression analysis gives a cause and effect relation based on least square measures (Cameron Trivedi, 2013). Trend analysis can predict the future value without the estimated equation. It analysis the behavior of variables overtime and then predict the future value. In this study trend of sales and the dependent variables from 1991 to 2015 and the forecasted value of these indicators are used to predict sales in 2016. Accordingly the predicted sale of 2016 is obtained as 1050012.9. The predicted value of sales by trend analysis is very close to that obtained from the regression analysis. Exponential smoothing is a kind of moving average used for time series forecasting. The forecasting is done using the following equation Ft is the forecasted sales of year t At-1 is the actual sales of previous year Ft-1 is the forecasted sales of the previous year is the smoothening constant , 01 The forecasting is done for a given value of . As no value of is given, it is taken as 0.5. This forecasting technique compares the prior forecasting estimate with actual value and use the difference or error to make new forecast (Montgomery, Jennings Kulahci, 2015). Here values of baseline variable are used as a medium of forecasting. In the exponential smoothing previous years sales value are used to forecast sales in 2016. The forecasted value of sales in 2016 is 898035.5. References Cameron, A. C., Trivedi, P. K. (2013).Regression analysis of count data(Vol. 53). Cambridge university press. Montgomery, D. C., Jennings, C. L., Kulahci, M. (2015).Introduction to time series analysis and forecasting. John Wiley Sons.

Aristotles View Essays - Virtue Ethics, Happiness,

Aristotle's View Aristotle's view Essay submitted by Patty Smith Is life really about the 'money', the 'cash', the 'hoes', who has the biggest gold chain or who drives the shiniest or fastest car, who sells the most albums or who has the most respect? Aristotle challenges views, which are similar to the ones held and shown by rap artists such as Jay-Z and the Notorious B.I.G., by observing that everything in the universe, including humans, has a telos, or goal in life. He states that the goal of a human life is to achieve happiness or eudaimonia. I believe that Aristotle is completely correct in his reasoning of the purpose of human nature. He even explains how happiness is different for every person, and each different type of person has a different idea of eudaimonia. He then goes on to talk about how a person must do all things in moderation, not doing the excess but at the same time doing just enough. This idea, called the golden mean of moderation was the backbone support to Aristotle's idea of human telos because it concluded that living a virtuous life must be the same for all people because of the way human beings are built. Aristotle argued that the goal of human beings is happiness, and that we achieve happiness when we fulfill our function. Therefore, it is necessary to determine what our function is. The function of a thing, or its telos, is what it alone can do, or what it can do best. Like the function of the eye is to see, Aristotle declared the human being as the rational animal whose function is to reason. Thus, according to Aristotle, a happy life for human beings is a life governed by reason. Aristotle believed that a person who has difficulty behaving ethically is morally imperfect. His ideal person practices the golden mean of moderation. He believed that this moral virtue, of which happiness comes from, is a matter of avoiding extremes in behavior and finding the mean between them. Aristotle conceives happiness not primarily as an exercise of virtue in private or with friends, but as the exercise of virtue in governing an ideal state. Hence, a person who acts for his or her own well must also act for the good of all fellow citizens. Aristotle points out that honor, pleasure, and wealth are the things believed to make people happy. He stated that honor is superficial because it can be taken away at any moment. He said pleasure was enjoyable but that it is more an animal quality than human, and that wealth is merely a means to towards a greater good. He taught moderation, and that these three vices could be pursued but not as an all encompassing goal. Aristotle felt that through the four qualities of wisdom, courage, temperance, and justice, could a person be led to happiness. I agree with Aristotle's reasoning on how happiness is achieved and why it is the goal of human life, as we know it. He supports his point with so many examples that you realize that he is completely right. His stressing of the importance of moral virtues as the key to happiness and a successful government is brilliant. His messages of virtue and moderation transcend time and still are a great influence on modern western thought. Philosophy

Sense and Sensibility essays

Sense and Sensibility essays The novel, Sense and Sensibility was written by Jane Austen, in 1811. Jane Austen published four novels anonymously during her lifetime: Sense and Sensibility (1811), Pride and Prejudice (1813), Mansfield Park (1814), Emma (1815). Two novels, Northanger Abbey and Persuasion were published after her death in 1817. These novels are prominent for her satiric depiction of English society and manners. Sense and Sensibility is about the Dashwood sisters, Elinor, Marianne, and Margaret have lived at their father's home, Norland, all their life. However, when their father dies and their half-brother inherits everything, they have to find somewhere else to live with their mother. The story is about two women seeking romance and security between the romantic and enlightenment eras. In addition, the story holds many twists and gives accurate portrayals of the romantic and enlightenment era. Austen covered many aspects such as social status of men and women, individual persona, interaction between families, and responsibilities of higher society. The movie that was produced by Lindsay Doran and directed by Ang Lee captured several aspects of the period unable to be revealed by the book such as attire, art, architecture and landscaping of the estates, hobbies, religion, technology such as travel, medicine and simple ways of living. The movie accurately portrayed Austens original concepts of the period dealing with roles of gender. The book and the movie both showed Elinor and Marianne clashing, as they were products of different periods. Elinor, the eldest sister, is sensible and prudent which is a reflection of the romantic period. Marianne is a representation of the enlightenment period as she is very emotional and never does anything in moderation. Although the movie followed the book closely, there were several characters not introduced in the movie. With some, their personality was altered but in most cases, the chara...

Ishmael Beah, how he shaped his destiny Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Ishmael Beah, how he shaped his destiny - Essay Example Fortunately, UNICEF came to his aid at the age of thirteen as they put an end to his involvement in the war. They put him in a reformation centre in the nation’s capital Freetown. He successfully completed his reformation process in 1996 after which he represented his country as a delegate to attend a UN conference on the effects of civil war and unrest. Contrary to the expectation of many, Ishmael went back to his country to speak on his life experience as a child soldier to encourage others not to choose the same path. It is true that we make our own destiny and that what life throws at people can be a stepping stone to successful. This paper will base its focus on this argument by considering his life and times as portrayed in his book, the battles that he faced that made him inspirational to many. Additionally, it will show how he took charge of his life therefore shaping his destiny. It will also examine the fact that individuals are in charge of their destiny and that fa te and Karma are in significant in one’s life. Battle with drug addiction and the choices he made As a boy soldier, Beah witnessed violence first hand by knowing to handle a gun and deplore a human being of his life (Beah 1). His watching of his brother die right before his eyes also made him become ruthless and thirsty for revenge. The number of deaths captured in his head for the two years he was a soldier remained permanently embedded in his mind, which made him emotionally scarred. He saw the plight of the children whom he trained with, the nature of the training curricula was not favorable for the young as it was physically draining. Many children could not endure the suffering therefore lost their lives because they were not productive to the army. Child soldiers at that time were easy to manipulate and therefore were easy to brainwash unlike male adults (Finley 45). They also provided cheap labor to the army, as they did not know their rights. This proved effective, as the only thing they had to learn was how to cock a gun and firing it. Deep down, Ishmael knew that he was destined for greatness as when opportunity to better his life presented itself he took it and ran away with. For him, life is what one makes of it and that one’s experiences do not dictate their future. The life of Ishmael after rehabilitation After rehabilitation, Ishmael lived a positive life. According to his book, personal responsibility is the taking charge of one’s life and spearheading it into a positive direction. This is shown by his willingness to fight the drug abuse vice instilled in him while at the army when he joined the rehabilitation institution. He chose to stay sober and focus not allowing his past death experiences are a reason to stay hooked to drugs. Evidently, his strong will kept him going all through his rehabilitation period (Beah 76). Ideally, he shaped his destiny by choosing the sobriety choice. Had he not chosen to fight his addiction , he would have wasted his life, as UNICEF would have never noticed his potential. In his book, the choices we make are not necessarily determined by our age therefore children should choose their paths wisely, as life is not a rehearsal for a next life. While at the center, he learnt to heal his emotional wounds by forgiving himself and accepting that he could not change the past but was able to plan for his future (Beah 237). He partly blames the adults of his country for not standing up and fighting for what was just for children since they watched helplessly as they joined the child army. The accomplishments he has made in his life Ishmael made a number of accomplishments in his life. His life took a better turn

Kao Corporation Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Kao Corporation - Case Study Example The older women consider the ease of use of diapers as a means of escape for the young mothers from working hard for their children (Kao Corporation 4). They consider the use of old clothes worn by the mothers as cloth diapers as a method of bonding between the mothers and the babies (Kao Corporation 3). This is especially true of the rural areas where, due to the joint family system, the older generation of women are actively involved in decision making concerning the younger couples (Kao Corporation 4). The fathers, on the other hand, are not involved with baby care as much as the ladies (Kao Corporation 4). Most of the diaper use is limited to the big metropolitan areas of Japan, like Tokyo (Kao Corporation 4); however, even in such markets, only fifteen percent of the potential households use disposable diapers (Kao Corporation 4). Other reasons of decreased use include the low quality of the diapers which can cause rash, high prices, cumbersome packaging requiring a lot of stora ge space, and diaper misfits with regard to baby size (Kao Corporation 5). When P & G launched their diaper brand, Pampers, in Japan in 1977, they faced several challenges and problems in marketing and sales, although still securing the majority of the market shares for diapers (Kao Corporation 1). The initial product quality of the Pampers was low, as they leaked and were not absorbent enough (Kao Corporation 5). This resulted in skin rash to the babies (Kao Corporation 5). Another reason for leaking was the inappropriate size of the diapers as compared to baby size, the size of the Pampers being often larger than was suitable, so that it was unable to fit, and so leaked (Kao

Virginia School Of Polygraph

Virginia School Of Polygraph The purpose of this paper is to address abnormal behavior and various psychological disorders so polygraph examiners may have a better realization and understanding when conducting polygraph examinations on such individuals. There will be occasions when a polygraph examiner will have to conduct polygraph examinations on individuals who posses abnormal behavior and psychological disorders. If the polygraph examiner has knowledge and is aware of the signs and symptoms associated with abnormal behavior and personality disorders and what types of charts the examinee may produce, the polygraph examiner will be able to determine to what extent the examination can offer. The polygraph examiner should also recognize the safeguards and incorporate precautions when questioning these types of examinees. The polygraph examiner who is very familiar with abnormal behavior and psychological disorders is better suited to recognize examinees that may have not been diagnosed with a disorder. The polygraph examiner will be able to generate a better examination when interviewing these individuals. ADMINISTERING POLYGRAPH EXAMINATIONS ON CLIENTS WHO POSSES ABNORMAL BEHAVIOR AND PSHYCHOLOGICAL DISORDERS There will be examinees, which have a psychological disorders to perform well on the polygraph examination and produce good charts and others that may not do well resulting in poor charts. A bad chart can have a greater area of tracing impurities or artifacts. Artifacts that might possibly arise in subjects who posses psychological disorders could be: excessive movement, talking, audible sighs or laughing. The polygraph examiner who can recognize the symptoms associated with these disorders would be able to gather from the physiological activity on the polygraph exam that the examinee could be undergoing psychological problems. The examiner should then advise the examinee that he needed to be evaluated. A determination should be made by the examiner if the examination should be postponed until the examinee is better equipped to produce clearer charts on the polygraph examination. The polygraph examiner will not be able to obtain better chart readings until the physiological issues ca n be somewhat resolved. By addressing these issues to the right care takers in the field of psychiatry, the examinee would be better suited for a re-examination. Once these safeguards are in place for the different psychological disorders and all parties involved understand the importance of quality charts needed from the examination, there would be no wasted time and effort. Because of these disorders, it is very important that the polygraph examiner be able to recognize psychological disorders in examinees and those who may be using deceptive characteristics. ADMINISTERING POLYGRAPH EXAMINATIONS ON CLIENTS WHO POSSES ABNORMAL BEHAVIOR AND PSYCHOLOGICAL DISORDERS Abnormal behavior and various psychological disorders will be defined in this research paper and the appropriate instructions will be given to better prepare the polygraph examiner when administering examinations. (Matte, 1996) Defining the word abnormal can be sometimes difficult, but to most psychologists, it simply means to deviate from the norm. This can present a complex problem to psychology because you have to ask: what is normal, what guidelines, for what age, for what culture. Many would say that what is good is normal and what is bad is abnormal. This however can be a generalized statement. There are other ways of determining a more objective reference point. One method of determining abnormality is statistical deviation. In the bell-shaped curve below, one can recognize that the majority of human characteristics can be easily recognized. (http://www.purgatory.net) A standard bell curve ADMINISTERING POLYGRAPH EXAMINATIONS ON CLIENTS WHO POSSES ABNORMAL BEHAVIOR AND PSYCHOLOGICAL DISORDERS People who fall to the far left or to the far right from the chart division in the middle could be considered abnormal. The misconception of this meaning however can cause disagreements over the meaning of abnormality. It does not identify other variables such as those who have an above than average IQ. It does not identify common but maladaptive behavior like people who use tobacco products or those who use alcohol. Strategies using this approach can be very useful in science and statistics. (http://www.purgatory.net) An easy way to classify abnormal behavior is by ones personal stresses. Simply stated, if a person is happy with their life, then there would be no problems concerning the mental health profession. But, if ones thoughts or actions are causing personal conflict or sadness, they would be characterized as abnormal. Another way to identify abnormality is through maladaptive behavior. In maladaptive behavior, there are two viewpoints. First, is maladaptive to ones self. Second, is maladaptive to society. Maladaptive to ones self, is a persons failure to obtain personal objectives or to work through the pressures of everyday life. Maladaptive to society is when a person causes problems or issues to the whole of society thus causing dysfunction This explanation permits tremendous manageability. It allows space for a person to conform their behavior to societys norms. It also allows for deviant behavior if the person ADMINISTERING POLYGRAPH EXAMINATIONS ON CLIENTS WHO POSSES ABNORMAL BEHAVIOR AND PSYCHOLOGICAL DISORDERS does not attempt to harm themselves. This allows the terminology of abnormality to be identified the way it should be by resting on the fact that each individuals life experiences and environment are different. There are some classifications of behavior that testifies to the possible threats to the lives and livelihood of people. The following examples explain the various stages of these classifications: extended episodes of discomfort, inability to function, unexplained behavior, and disruptive behavior. Extended periods of discomfort are classified as things such as worrying about a test or if a loved one dies. The discomfort is real and threatens the individual but in time, the discomfort goes away. If these feelings continue and appear not to be coming from these examples a person could be considered to have a disorder. Impaired functioning may be when a person who has a very high IQ, but has difficulties passing tests. Unexplained behavior is when people do things that others find strange. The body piercings and clothes that teenagers get in todays society are unexplainable to the older generation but are explainable by sociologist due to the fact everyone wants to be in style with their preferred peers. Unexplained behavior has no explainable theory other than the individual appears to be mentally impaired. Disruptive behavior is when a person displays sporadic and uncontrollable behavior that disrupts the lives of others or deprives them of ADMINISTERING POLYGRAPH EXAMINATIONS ON CLIENTS WHO POSSES ABNORMAL BEHAVIOR AND PSHCHOLOGICAL DISORDERS their human rights on a regular basis. This type of behavior is characteristic of a severe psychological disorder. There are many psychological disorders that the polygraph examiner must be aware of and they are as follows: Anxiety, Mood, Personality, Schizophrenia, Delusional, Sexual, Somatoform and Dissociative. Anxiety disorders are disorders in which anxiety is the main symptom (generalized anxiety or panic disorders) or anxiety is experienced unless the individual avoids feared situations (phobic disorders) or tries to resist performing certain rituals or thinking persistent thoughts (obsessive-compulsive disorders). Also includes post-traumatic stress disorder. Mood disorders are when a person may be extremely depressed or may change between periods of elation and depression. Personality disorders are long-standing patterns of maladaptive behavior that exhibits immature and inappropriate ways of coping with stress and solving problems. Antisocial personality disorder is an example. Schizophrenia is a group of disorders characterized by loss of contact with reality, marked disturbances of thought and perception, and bizarre behavior. At some phase delusions or hallucinations almost always occur. Delusional disorders are characterized by excessive suspicions and hostility, accompanied by feelings of being persecuted; reality ADMINISTERING POLYGRAPH EXAMINATIONS ON CLIENTS WHO POSSES ABNORMAL BEHAVIOR AND PSYCHOLOGICAL DISORDERS contact in other areas satisfactory to the norm. Sexual disorders include transsexualism, sexual interest in children, impotence, premature ejaculation and sexual performance. Psychoactive substance abuse disorders include excessive use of alcohol, barbiturates, amphetamines, cocaine, and other drugs that alter behavior. Marijuana and tobacco are also included in this category, which is controversial. Somatoform disorders are physical but no organic basis can be found and psychological factors appear to play the major role. Included are conversion disorders (for example, a woman who resents having to care for her invalid mother suddenly develops a paralyzed arm) and hypochondriasis (excessive preoccupation with health and fear of disease when there is no basis for concern). Dissociative disorders are temporary alterations in the functions of consciousness, memory, or identity due to emotional problems. Included are amnesia (the individual cannot recall anything about his or her histo ry following a traumatic experience) and multiple personality (two or more independent personality systems existing within the same individual). (Harcout Brace Jovanovich Inc., 1993) The majority of people always feel a little nervous sometimes. However, people with anxiety disorders feel an abnormal amount from common things. In all types of anxiety disorders, anxiety is the main symptom. There are four major types of anxiety disorders: ADMINISTERING POLYGRAPH EXAMINATIONS ON CLIENTS WHO POSSES ABNORMAL BEHAVIOR AND PSYCHOLOGICAL DISORDERS generalized anxiety/panic disorders, phobias, obsessive-compulsive disorders, and post traumatic stress disorder. A person with a general anxiety disorder lives in a state of constant nervousness. People with this disorder usually overreact to any type of stress. Typically, individuals have trouble making decisions and when they actually do this it usually only causes additional worries. Sufferers of general anxiety tend to have panic attacks. Some theorists think that this disorder is caused by a learned anxiety. For example, being nervous once about something and learning to avoid that something. A phobia is a fear of a specific stimulus or situation. The sufferer of a phobia usually knows that the fear is irrational but cannot do anything about it. Phobia has three sub-classes: simple phobia, social phobia, and agoraphobia. A simple phobia is a fear of a specific thing or situation. A person may have one phobia but be normal in all other aspects. However, in serious cases, a perso n may have multiple phobias that interfere with their everyday life. Social phobias are when people have an extreme fear of social situations and of embarrassing themselves. The most common types of this phobia are public speaking and eating in public. This type of phobia creates an irrational fear of unfamiliar situations. People with agoraphobia avoid open spaces, crowds, traveling, and in extreme cases do not even leave their home. It is also the most difficult to cure. Obsessive-Compulsive ADMINISTERING POLYGRAPH EXAMINATIONS ON CLIENTS WHO POSSES ABNORMAL BEHAVIOR AND PSYCHOLOGICAL DISORDERS disorders are the persistent intrusions of unwelcome thoughts, images, or impulses that cause anxiety. A compulsion is an irresistible urge to carry out certain acts or rituals that reduce anxiety. These two things are often linked together. Individuals with obsessive-compulsive disorder know that their behavior is irrational, but are unable to resist. The resistance only causes them to become anxious and only the carrying out of the act will relieve that anxiety. Compulsion has many forms, but the two most common are washing and checking. The obsessive-compulsive disorder is related to the phobias in that both cause severe anxiety and a patient may suffer from both disorders. Post-traumatic stress disorder is caused by a traumatic event that overwhelms a person and ruins their ability to cope with a situation. It can cause flashbacks, nightmares, insomnia, and/or guilt. It is usually extremely long lasting. (Harcout Brace Jovanovich Inc., 1993) In Bipolar disorder, formerly known as manic-depression, there are swings in mood from elation to depression with no discernable external cause. During the manicky phase of this disorder, the patient may show excessive, unwarranted excitement or silliness, carrying jokes too far. They may also show poor judgment and recklessness ADMINISTERING POLYGRAPH EXAMINATIONS ON CLIENTS WHO POSSES ABNORMAL BEHAVIOR AND PSYCHOLOGICAL DISORDERS and may be argumentative. Manics may speak rapidly, have unrealistic ideas, and jump from subject to subject. They may not be able to sleep or sit still for very long. These symptoms are predominant for a specific period of time lasting for a few days or even a few months. Hospitalization can often be necessary to keep the person from harming themselves and others. The other side of the bipolar coin is the depressive episode. Bipolar depressed patients often sleep more than usual and are lethargic. This contrasts with those with major depression, who usually has trouble sleeping and is agitated. During bipolar depressive episodes, a patient may also show irritability and withdrawal. Manic episodes can occur without depression, but this is very rare. Bipolar disorder is relatively uncommon, occurring in less than 1% of the population. Many researchers believe that it has an organic basis, as it is more common among identical than fraternal twins and may reflect an excess of norepinephrine which is a neurotransmitter believed to play a part in depression. (Harcout Brace Jovanovich Inc., 1993) Schizophrenia is a class of disorders that are identified by loss of contact with reality, marked disturbances of thought and perception, and bizarre behavior. Sometime in the ADMINISTERING POLYGRAPH EXAMINATIONS ON CLIENTS WHO POSSES ABNORMAL BEHAVIOR AND PSYCHOLOGICAL DISORDERS persons life there will be delusions or hallucinations that almost always occur. Schizophrenia is among the most debilitating and complex of the psychoses. Approximately 1% of the world population is affected with this mental illness. Emil Kraeplin first identified the illness in 1986 when he distinguished it from the mood disorders. Kraeplin believed that all psychiatric disorders were caused by organic factors, and his experience suggested to him that the onset of the disease occurred early in the life of the individual. Hence, he called it dementia praecox, which means a premature deterioration of the brain. (Harcout Brace Jovanovich Inc., 1993) Emils thoughts were later disputed by many psychiatrists. One of these was Eugene Bleuler, an eminent Swiss psychiatrist, who, in 1911 found that the onset of the disease could in fact occur in the later years. He also reported that schizophrenia was not characterized by the progressive deterioration over the life of the patient, but rather that most patients, after an original severe deterioration, tend to stabilize and remain at the same point in their psychosis for extended periods of time. Bleuler also felt that in order to avoid any misunderstanding of the nature of the illness by the now obvious misnomer attached to it; the disease would be much better served if it was referred to as ADMINISTERING POLYGRAPH EXAMINATIONSON CLIENTS WHO POSSES ABNORMAL BEHAVIOR AND PSYCHOLOGICAL DISORDERS schizophrenia. Bleuler invented the word by combining two Greek words meaning split and mind. This emphasized a splitting apart of the patients affective and cognitive functioning, which are heavily affected by the disease. (Harcout Brace Jovanovich Inc., 1993) There are two types of schizophrenia: Type I (Reactive or Acute Schizophrenia and Type II (Process Schizophrenia). Reactive schizophrenia is usually sudden and seems to be a reaction to some life crisis. Since the premorbid history is usually good, when the disease does manifest itself, it is in the early phases. Reactive schizophrenia is a more treatable form of the illness than process or chronic schizophrenia. Reactive Schizophrenia is also referred to as poor premaid schizophrenia. It is characterized by lengthy periods of its development with a slow deterioration and negative symptoms. It doesnt seem to be related to any major life change or negative event. Usually this type of schizophrenia is associated with loners who are rejected by society, tend not to develop social skills and dont excel out of high school. The principal disturbance in the schizophrenics thought processes is multiple delusions. This is divided into two sub-categories, persecutory delusions (in which the sc hizophrenic believes that he/she is being talked about, spied ADMINISTERING POLYGRAPH EXAMINATIONS ON CLIENTS WHO POSSES ABNORMAL BEHAVIOR AND PSYCHOLOGICAL DISORDERS upon, or their death being planned) and delusions of reference (which is when the schizophrenic gives personal importance to completely unrelated incidents, objects, or people. Other common delusions include thought broadcasting (they believe their thoughts are visible to the outside world) and thought insertion, which is what most people perceive schizophrenia as consisting of (their thoughts are not their own and are in truth being inserted into their minds by some outside force). Other delusions, such as believing one to be Jesus Christ, may appear in extreme cases. (Harcout Brace Jovanovich Inc., 1993) The Delusional Disorder is from time to time is referred to as paranoia. The delusion may manifest itself as any of the following types: The persecutory type is when the individual believes he or she is being threatened or mistreated by others. The grandiose type is when victims of the disorder believe they are extraordinary important people or are possessed with extraordinary power, knowledge or ability. The jealous type is when the delusion centers on the unfaithfulness of a spouse. The eroticmatic type is when a person convinces themselves that a popular or well known celebrity is in love with them and letters are ADMINISTERING POLYGRAPH EXAMINATIONS ON CLIENTS WHO POSSES ABNORMAL BEHAVIOR AND PSYCHOLOGICAL DISORDERS exchanged between the two. The somatic type is when a persons false belief that is focused on a delusional physical abnormality or disorder. (Harcout Brace Jovanovich Inc., 1993) Sexual disorders include problems of sexual identity, sexual performance, and sexual aim. There are three major categories of sexual disorders: sexual dysfunctions, paraphilia, and gender identity disorders. Sexual dysfunctions prevent or reduce an individuals enjoyment of normal sex and prevent or reduce the normal physiological changes brought on normally by sexual arousal. These dysfunctions can be classified by the phase of the sexual cycle in which they occur. It is important to keep in mind that the diagnosis of sexual dysfunction is made only when the disability persists. Any of these could occur occasionally or be caused by a temporary factor such as fatigue, sickness, alcohol, or drugs. (Harcout Brace Jovanovich., 1993) Paraphilias are sexual behaviors in which unusual objects or scenarios are necessary to achieve sexual excitement. Eight paraphilias are recognized which are grouped into 3 broad categories: Preferences for nonhuman objects, Preferences for situations causing suffering, Preferences for nonconsenting partners. ADMINISTERING POLYGRAPH EXAMINATIONS ON CLIENTS WHO POSSES ABNORMAL BEHAVIOR AND PSYCHOLOGICAL DISORDERS There are two types of preferences for nonhuman objects: fetishism and transvestism. A fetish exists when a person is sexually aroused by a nonliving object. It can manifest in two ways, one more extreme than the other. One form associates coitus with some object like womens underwear. It is relatively harmless if the action is taken playfully and is acceptable to the persons partner. Certain parts of the body besides pleasurable foreplay can become fetishistic in its hold on the individual. (Harcout Brace Jovanovich Inc., 1993) The most extreme form of fetishism is when a nonliving object substitutes for a human partner, such as underwear, shoes, or delicate objects as velvet or silk. In this state, sexual gratification is achieved when the person is alone, fondling the object. Transvestism exists when the person achieves sexual excitement by cross-dressing. This is very rarely found in females so the male side of this paraphilia will be used as the example. Two different purposes seem to be associated with this act in different individuals. In one aspect the person seeks to intensify sexual excitement in intercourse with a partner by only partially dressing as a woman. In the other form, the male moves about in full female regalia, which suggests some type of gender identity disorder but not necessarily homosexuality. ADMINISTERING POLYGRAPH EXAMINATIONS ON CLIENTS WHO POSSES ABNORMAL BEHAVIOR AND PSYCHOLOGICAL DISORDERS Preferences for situations causing suffering from the reported violent exploits of the Marquis de Sade. Sadist is applied to those who derive sexual excitement from the pain of others. The term masochist was derived from the writing of Leopold von Sacher-Masoch whose characters sought out women who would beat them. Masochist is applied to those who derive sexual excitement through their own pain. Hence, sadists and masochists go hand in hand, one depending on the need of the other. The danger of these needs is that each may need successively more brutal treatment to satisfy their sexual needs. Preferences for nonconsenting partners are separated into three types: exhibition, voyeurism and pedophilia. All three are considered crimes in this country and are almost entirely male crimes. Exhibitionism is the exposure of ones genitals in a public place. It is the most prominent sexual offense leading to arrest and makes up one third of all sexual crimes.1 From the psychological point of view, there are three characteristic features of the exhibition. First, it is always performed for unknown women; second, it always takes place where sexual intercourse is impossible, for example in a crowded shopping mall; and third, it must be shocking for the unknown woman or it seems to lose its power to produce sexual ADMINISTERING POLYGRAPH EXAMINATIONS ON CLIENTS WHO POSSES ABNORMAL BEHAVIOR AND PSYCHOLOGICAL DISORDERS arousal in the individual. Exhibitionists are not assaultive and are considered more of a nuisance than an actual danger. Voyeurism is Looking at sexually arousing pictures or situations are a relatively common, apparently normal activity. The difference between this and voyeurism is that in normal watching, the viewing is a prelude to normal sexual activity. In the voyeur or Peeping Tom the experience replaces normal sexual activity. Nevertheless, voyeurism may exist in a person who also engages in normal heterosexual activity. Pedophilia is the act of deriving sexual excitement through the physical contact of children. This paraphilia is radically different from exhibitionism and voyeurism in its severely damaging impact on the nonconsenting partner, a child. Ordinarily, the pedophiliac is someone who has ready access to the child. The child or parent would have no reason to suspect that the individual has a pedophilic orientation. A gender identity disorder exists when a person, male or female, experiences confusion, vagueness or conflict in their feelings about their own sexual identity. There is a struggle between the individuals anatomical sex gender and subjective feelings about choosing a masculine or feminine style of life. Children can distinguish the difference between males and females by the age of two and by their fourth birthday can recognize the different roles ADMINISTERING POLYGRAPH EXAMINATIONS ON CLIENTS WHO POSSES ABNORMAL BEHAVIOR AND PSYCHOLOGICAL DISORDERS that each sex plays in society. By the age of fifteen or so a person can relate to what arouses sexual feelings in themselves. Those with a gender identity disorder may have a problem with one or all of these aspects of identity. (Harcout Brace Jovanovich Inc., 1993) The most common characteristic of the somatoform disorder is the appearance of physical symptoms or complaints of such without any organic basis. Such dysfunctional symptoms tend to range from a specialized sensory or motor diability to hypersensitivity to pain. Four major somatoform disorders exist: conversion disorder (also known as hysteria), hypochondriasis, somatization disorder, and somatoform pain disorder. The two somatoform disorders are conversion disorder and hypochondrias. The primary symptom for conversion symptom is often a lack or change in physical functioning. The diseased often react with an attitude of indifference, showing an amazing lack of concern. However, the primary symptoms which may include suc h serious ailments as blindness, amnesia and paralysis, are used as a defense mechanism by the person to escape from a stressful situation. In addition, there may be an awareness of the gains possible through the use of the symptom, which may prolong the symptom. Symptoms are grouped as follows. A conversion disorder is divided into three symptoms: Sensory symptoms, motor symptoms, and visceral symptoms. Sensory symptoms include anesthesia, excessive sensitivity to ADMINISTERING POLYGRAPH EXAMINATIONS ON CLIENTS WHO POSSES ABNORMAL BEHAVIOR AND PSYCHOLOGICAL DISORDERS strong stimulation (hyper anesthesia), loss of sense of pain (analgesia), and unusual symptoms such as tingling or crawling sensations. In motor symptoms, any of the bodys muscle groups may be involved: arms, legs, vocal chords. Included are tremors, tics (involuntary twitches), and disorganized mobility or paralysis. Visceral symptoms consists of trouble swallowing, frequent belching, spells of coughing or vomiting, all carried to an uncommon extreme. In both sensory and motor symptoms, the areas affected may not correspond at all to the nerve distribution in the area. Hypochondriasis has no real illness, but is overly obsessed with normal bodily functions. They read into the sensations of these normal bodily functions the presence of a feared disease. Dissociative disorders are disorders can no longer answer questions such as who they are, where they are at and what they are doing. People with a dissociative disorder remember information about their identity, memories or consciousness. These individuals dissociate from a specific point of reality. There are four categories of Dissociative Disorders: Depersonalization, Dissociative Amnesia, Dissociative Fugue, and Dissociative Identity Disorder. Depersonalization is a change in an individuals perception of themselves. They say to themselves things like, I feel like Im in a dream because their connection to reality feels as though they are not in complete control over their own actions or feelings. ADMINISTERING POLYGRAPH EXAMINATIONS ON CLIENTS WHO POSSES ABNORMAL BEHAVIOR AND PSYCHOLOGICAL DISORDERS Dissociative Amnesia is when a person experiences a loss of memory about specific events, people, places or objects. Dissociative Fugue is categorized by a sudden or unexpected departure from home or work place. Dissociative Identity Disorder is also referred as Multiple Personality Disorder. This disorder is very rare, but is the most dramatic of all the dissociative disorders. People with this disorder alternate their personalities personifying a different person with different personalities. (Matte, 1996) The most important aspect to remember concerning individuals with an acute mental disorder, is that the polygraph examiner should postpone an examination until it is determined the state of the persons mental health. If the polygraph examiner knows in advance the state of the examinees mental condition and if a polygraph examination is required, the polygraph examiner should obtain written permission from the examinees medical care provider. (Matte, 1996)

Alabama :: essays research papers

It must have been around eleven o'clock in the morning when I awoke from a stuffy and uncomfortable sleep, in the back of a moving mini-van. My mouth was dry, my nose was sore, and my eyes itched from sleep crust. A huge yawn escaped from my mouth as I tried to stretch my aching limbs. As I was stretching out, I accidentally kicked my little brother Sam in the head. So much for peaceful sleep, he woke up in a foul mood. He must have thought that I kicked him on purpose because he punched me as hard as he could in my leg.I got really mad at him I yelled " Why did you do that, I kicked you by accident?" I punched him in his chest. Now he was really mad, his screaming and his curses were pretty incoherent. He said something like " Punk why did you hit me?" I said " You hit me first, call me another punk and I'll hit you again!" We probably sounded like two babbling drunks because we were half sleep and using slurred speech. I was about to belt him one more for getting in my face but that was before he yelled "Auntie, Ron hit me!" I said in a whinny little voice " He started it auntie, I didn't do nothing!" "Knock it off you two, can't you see that I am trying to drive?" "Keep quiet before you wake up your grandmother and your sisters", said Aunt Florence as she gripped the wheel with one hand and turned to give us that cold " do n't mess with me today stare". That kept us quiet, we did not utter another word after that.As for not waking everybody else up, it was too late for that. Brenda, who is the youngest, awoke first. She was being pretty quiet but the silence would not last. She wanted to stop and use the bathroom but instead of waiting for auntie to find a rest stop she thought it would be better to nag everyone's ears off. Her nagging and whining woke Remy up; she is the oldest girl. The first thing that came out of her mouth was " I'm hungry let's stop at McDonalds" She was not too happy when Aunt Florence told her to look for a ham sandwich in the cooler because we weren't stopping until we got to

Concept Analysis: Quality of LIfe Essay

What does quality of life mean? How would a person define the concept of quality of life? Philosophers have studied questions similar to these in the aspect of what constitutes a â€Å"good† life for hundreds of years. There really is no certain date to the origin of quality of life as a specific term. In the years 1953 to 1954, two economists have been linked as the ones who used the concept in expressing their concern over ecological dangers of unlimited economic growth (Snoek, 2000). Other economists in the 1950s researched the ideas of what counts in life is not the quantity of goods but the quality of one’s life. Social scientists began to use the term quality of life in the 1970s. Also in the 1970s, there has been growing interest in quality of life issues in relation to nursing, medicine, and health care (Sarvimaki & Stenbock-Hult, 2000). Philosophers used the concept quality of life in the 1980s to formulate moral judgment, particularly with infanticide and euthanasia in relation to severely handicapped infants and life sustaining treatment (Pennacchini, Bertolaso, Elvira & DeMarinis, 2011). Researcher’s interest in theoretical issues and quality of life has fallen, but quality of life continues to be used in health care and clinical practice (Pennacchini et al, 2011). There are thousands of people living today with disease and health disparity. For some individuals, the goal of health may not be freedom of disease or health disparity, but a high quality of life. Through concept analysis using the Walker and Avant Model, the concept of quality of life will be examined with an emphasis on health. Many aspects will be explored to the concept, including uses, attributes, case examples, antecedents and empirical referents. Concept The concept of quality of life and what it means is highly ambiguous. Barofsky (2012) explains that any broad concept, such as quality of life, will continually change as it is further studied and more is learned on the concept. In a broad aspect, quality of life can be defined as the dimensions of human experience, ranging from those associated with the necessities of life, such as food, shelter, and achieving a sense of fulfillment and personal happiness (Snoek, 2000). Related to health, quality of life can be defined as a concept encompassing physical and psychological characteristics and limitations, describing an individual’s ability to function and get satisfaction from the ability to function (Snoek, 2000). The Center for Disease Control and Prevention (2011) defines quality of life as a broad multidimensional concept that includes subjective evaluations of positive and negative aspects to life. Healthy People 2020 (2013) defines health related quality of life as a multidimensional concept including a person’s well being of physical, mental, emotional and social functioning and explains this concept goes beyond life expectancy, causes of death, and direct measures of population health. Purpose Analyzing the concept of health related quality of life helps one understand the concept with deeper meaning and clarity. A question to be asked is, â€Å"how do health practitioners improve the quality of life in patients?† The purpose of quality of life analysis is to improve awareness on the concept and to promote the use in medical and nursing practice. With the growing needs to enhance health related quality of life, national goals have been initiated. Healthy People 2020 (2013) identified quality of life improvement as an important public health goal, paving way to further analysis of the concept. Uses of the Concept The concept of quality of life can be used in many different aspects and disciplines. In general, quality of life can be used with philosophy, politics, business, social sciences, health promotion, nursing, and medicine. Quality of life can be used for life evaluation in each of these disciplines listed above. In health care, for example, research may examine quality of life in relation to cancer treatment versus palliative care. Another specific example would be a study on complementary and alternative medicine use and quality of life in diabetics. In medicine, the concept of  quality of life can be used in many different aspects from disorders, diseases, treatment implications, and improvement of quality of life. In sociology, quality of life can be used for social indicators to trace changes over time and monitor the social system, for example. In politics, quality of life can be measured on individual rights and the freedom of choice. The examples provided are a select few to the wide range of uses for quality of life. Defining Attributes Defining attributes are traits or distinctive features of a concept, giving greater insight to that concept. One of the most important defining attributes to quality of life is happiness. Philosophers have studied happiness for long periods of time, considering happiness to be the highest good and utmost motivation for humans (Kerce, 1992). From other literature review, there are attributes most frequently associated with quality of life, which include: physical health, mental health, level of independence, social and emotional facets, and spirituality. Another attribute that has emerged is ones ability to reflect on their life at a given moment and consider themself to be happily satisfied. There are many individual perspectives to what constitutes quality of life according to each of these defining attributes. For example, quality of life in the aspect of physical health may be pain or ability to sleep. Quality of life in psychological state may be physical appearance, feelings, and self-esteem. For individuals who live in the United States and other developed countries, attributes to quality of life may be different compared to non-developed countries. For example, a person in Africa may define quality of life by freedom from torture, slavery, and religion. Other thoughts in non-developed areas could be the access to education, access to health care, freedom of disease and health burden, and a right to be treated equally. There are many luxuries in the United States and other countries that are not an option in non-developed areas that one must consider with defining attributes at a cultural level. Model Case A model case is used to demonstrate all of the defining characteristics of a concept. For a model case with quality of life, a person would have to be in a state of physical health, mental health, happy, independent, have adequate  social aspects, be able to evaluate their life, and a healthy spiritual life. With this, one must keep in mind the individuality of what these terms mean to someone. A model case could be the following scenario: P.C. is a 62 year-old male who recently retired from his job as an electrical engineer with Paskato Brothers Incorporated. This man is happily married to his wife of 40 years and together they have four children and ten grandchildren. P.C. and his wife are planning their years of retirement to be fulfilled with tourism, purchasing a lake home, and spending time with their children and grandchildren. Socially, P.C. spends Wednesday afternoons with his good friends at Zest Creek golf course. P.C. attends Heart and Spirit Lutheran Church and considers himself to be strong in his beliefs. P.C. exercises three times a week at Wellness World and attends a bone-building class on Tuesday mornings to keep his bones and joints healthy. According to P.C.’s yearly physical with his primary care provider, he is in excellent physical and mental health. P.C. reflects on his life and feels extremely blessed to be in his position and states he â€Å"would not change a thing.† P.C. considers himself to be happy, healthy, and full of life. In this model case, P.C. has met all of the attributes that contribute to quality of life. P.C. is able to look at his life with satisfaction and happiness. From the model, one can determine that P.C. is in good physical health, mental health, social and emotional health, and satisfied with his spiritual life. Also, P.C. is independent in his life, being able to care for himself and has no physical limitations. Borderline Case In life, there are several different components to quality. Many people would argue that the quality of ones life is what matters, not the longevity. From analyzing quality of life, one can understand this concept with better meaning and clarity. Quality of life as a concept has been examined through uses, attributes, case examples, antecedents and consequences, and empirical referents. Through examination, one can determine there are subjective and objective components to quality of life, with an emphasis to individuality. Awareness to the concept has been brought to light, with indication for the importance of quality of life in health care to better patient’s lives. Hopefully, research will continue on ways to improve quality of life in all aspects, with a special focus to health care. References Armstrong, D., & Caldwell, D. (2004). Origins of the concept of quality of life in health care: A rhetorical solution to a political problem. Social Theory & Health, 2, 361- 371. Retrieved from http://www.academia.edu/458047/Origins_of_the_concept_of_Quality_of_Life_i n_health_care Barofsky, I. (2012). Can quality or quality-of-life be defined? Quality Of Life Research, 21(4), 625-631. doi:10.1007/s11136-011-9961-0 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Population Health (2011). Health-related quality of life. . Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/hrqol/concept.htm Healthy People 2020, Division of U.S. Department of Health and Human Services

Research Methodology - 1700 Words

An overview of Research Methodology Research defines as a scientific and systematic search for pertinent information on a specific topic . In fact, research is an art of scientific investigation. 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